Goal(s):

Students will be able to analyze how the constitutional value of equality has changed over time.

Students will understand that:

• The U.S. Supreme Court is the supreme authority over the meaning of the U.S. Constitution and has changed its interpretation of the Constitution over time.
• While the concept of equality was included in the Declaration of Independence, its meaning has changed over time.
• The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
• Decisions of the Supreme Court have a profound impact on everyday lives of American citizens.
• Changing interpretations of constitutional values allow the Nation’s founding document to keep up with the times.

Essential Questions:

• How has the principle of equality changed over time?
• Why was the Fourteenth Amendment adopted?
• Is preferential treatment consistent with the constitutional value of equality?
• How far have we gone as a country in achieving equality for all?
• How far do we still have to go as a country to achieve equality for all?
• How does the Constitution keep up with the times?

Students will know:

• Important terms regarding equality and the Fourteenth Amendment.
• Key facts about the Fourteenth Amendment and how the Supreme Court has interpreted it over time.
• Key Supreme Court cases on equality and the Fourteenth Amendment.

Students will be able to:

• Recognize, define, and use vocabulary in context.
• Research Supreme Court cases and recent news on equality and the Fourteenth Amendment to add depth to their understanding of its development over time.
• Express their learning orally during class discussions and in writing.
• Collaborate successfully with their peers to improve and express their learning.

Learning Activities & Assessments:

In these activities students will construct a definition of equality; trace the evolution of equality over the course of American history; and consider how the constitutional value of equality is applied in practical terms.